espressif ESP32-WROOM-32E Nihokikorangi Low Energy WiFi Manual Kaiwhakamahi
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Ko te ESP32 -WROOM -32E he waahanga WiFi -BT -BLE MCU tino kaha, e aro ana ki te maha o nga momo tono, mai i nga whatunga puoro iti -power ki nga mahi tino uaua, penei i te whakawaehere reo, te rere waiata me te whakawaehere MP3. He SMD Module tenei me te 2.4 GHz PCB antenna kei runga. Ka rahuitia e ia te π ara iahiko mo te whakataurite i te arataki antenna. Kei te taha o nga GPIO katoa kei te titi -waho engari ko nga mea kua whakamahia mo te hono uira. Te mahi a te Kōwae voltagKa taea te awhe mai i te 3.0 V ki te 3.6 V. Ko te awhe auau ko 2400 MHz ki te 2483.5 MHz. 40 MHz o waho hei puna karaka mo te punaha. He rama SPI 4 MB hoki mo te penapena i nga papatono me nga raraunga a nga kaiwhakamahi. Ko nga korero ota mo ESP32 -WROOM -32E kua whakarārangihia e whai ake nei:
| Kōwae | Kua mau te maramara | kohiko | PSRAM | Te rahi o te kōwae (mm) |
| ESP32-WROOM-32E | ESP32-D0WD- V3 | 4 MB 1 | / | (18.00 ± 0.10) X (25.50 ± 0.10) X(3.10 ± 0.10) mm (tae atu ki te whakangungu rakau) |
| Tuhipoka:1. ESP32-WROOM-32E (PCB) ki te 8 MB flash ranei 16 MB flash e wātea ana mo te tikanga ritenga.2. Mo nga korero taipitopito ota, tirohia koae Whakamōhiotanga Whakataunga Hua Espressifmahi.3. Mo nga rahi o te hononga IPEX, tirohia te Upoko 10. | ||||
Kei te matua o te kōwae ko te maramara ESP32 -D0WD -V3*. Ko te maramara kua whakauruhia he mea hoahoa kia tauine me te urutau. E rua nga uho PTM ka taea te whakahaere takitahi, a ko te auau karaka PTM ka taea te whakarite mai i te 80 MHz ki te 240 MHz. Ka taea hoki e te kaiwhakamahi te whakaweto i te PTM me te whakamahi i te kaitukatuka hiko iti ki te aro turuki i nga peripheral mo nga huringa me te whakawhiti i nga paepae. Ko te ESP32 e whakauru ana i te huinga nui o nga taputapu, mai i nga pukoro pa capacitive, nga pūoko Hall, atanga kaari SD, Ethernet, SPI tere tere, UART, I²S me I²C
Ko te punaha whakahaere i whiriwhiria mo ESP32 he kore utu RTOS me te LwIP; Ko te TLS 1.2 me te whakaterenga taputapu kei roto ano hoki. Ka tautokohia te whakamohoatanga haumaru (whakamuna) i runga i te rangi (OTA), kia taea ai e nga kaiwhakamahi te whakahou ake i a raatau hua ahakoa i muri i to raatau tukunga, i te utu iti me te whakapau kaha. Ko te Ripanga 2 e whakarato ana i nga korero mo te ESP32 WROOM 32E.
Ripanga 2: ESP32-WROOM-32E Whakatakotoranga
| Ngā Kāwai | Nga taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Whakamatau | Te whakapau tika | HTOL/HTSL/uHAST/TCT/ESD |
|
Wi-Fi |
Kawa | 802.11 b/g/n20/n40 |
| A-MPDU me A-MSDU whakahiato me te 0.4 s kaitiaki i roto i-tawhiti tautoko | ||
| Awhe auau | 2.412 GHz ~ 2.462GHz | |
|
Nihokikorangi |
Kawa | Nihokikorangi v4.2 BR/EDR me te BLE whakaritenga |
| reo irirangi | Kaiwhiwhi NZIF me te –97 dBm tairongo | |
| Class-1, class-2 me class-3 te kaiwhakawhiti | ||
| AFH | ||
| Ororongo | CVSD me SBC | |
|
Pūmārō |
Atanga kōwae | Kāri SD, UART, SPI, SDIO, I2C, LED PWM, Motor PWM,I2S, IR, porotiti patere, GPIO, pūoko pa capacitive, ADC, DAC |
| Puoko i runga maramara | pūoko Hall | |
| tioata whakauru | 40 MHz tioata | |
| Kohikohiko SPI whakauru | 4 MB | |
| PSRAM whakauru | – | |
| Mahi voltage/Te hiko | 3.0 V ~ 3.6 V | |
| Ko te iti rawa o naianei ka tukuna ma te hiko | 500 mA | |
| Awhe pāmahana-mahi e taunaki ana | –40 °C ~ 85 °C | |
| Rahi mōkihi | (18.00±0.10) mm × (31.40±0.10) mm × (3.30±0.10) mm | |
| taumata tairongo makuku (MSL) | Taumata 3 |
Whakamaramatanga Pin
Tahora Pin
Whakaahuatanga Pin
E 32 nga titi a ESP32 WROOM 38E. Tirohia nga whakamaramatanga titi i te Ripanga 3.
| Ingoa | Kao. | Momo | Mahi |
| GND | 1 | P | Papa whenua |
| 3V3 | 2 | P | Tuku hiko |
| EN | 3 | I | Tohu-whakahohea te tohu. Hohe teitei. |
| SENSOR_VP | 4 | I | GPIO36, ADC1_CH0, RTC_GPIO0 |
| SENSOR_VN | 5 | I | GPIO39, ADC1_CH3, RTC_GPIO3 |
| IO34 | 6 | I | GPIO34, ADC1_CH6, RTC_GPIO4 |
| IO35 | 7 | I | GPIO35, ADC1_CH7, RTC_GPIO5 |
| IO32 | 8 | I/O | GPIO32, XTAL_32K_P (32.768 kHz tāuru oscillator tioata), ADC1_CH4, TOUCH9, RTC_GPIO9 |
| IO33 | 9 | I/O | GPIO33, XTAL_32K_N (32.768 kHz tioata oscillator putanga),ADC1_CH5, TOUCH8, RTC_GPIO8 |
| IO25 | 10 | I/O | GPIO25, DAC_1, ADC2_CH8, RTC_GPIO6, EMAC_RXD0 |
| IO26 | 11 | I/O | GPIO26, DAC_2, ADC2_CH9, RTC_GPIO7, EMAC_RXD1 |
| IO27 | 12 | I/O | GPIO27, ADC2_CH7, TOUCH7, RTC_GPIO17, EMAC_RX_DV |
| IO14 | 13 | I/O | GPIO14, ADC2_CH6, TOUCH6, RTC_GPIO16, MTMS, HSPICLK, HS2_CLK, SD_CLK, EMAC_TXD2 |
| IO12 | 14 | I/O | GPIO12, ADC2_CH5, TOUCH5, RTC_GPIO15, MTDI, HSPIQ, HS2_DATA2, SD_DATA2, EMAC_TXD3 |
| GND | 15 | P | Papa whenua |
| IO13 | 16 | I/O | GPIO13, ADC2_CH4, TOUCH4, RTC_GPIO14, MTCK, HSPID, HS2_DATA3, SD_DATA3, EMAC_RX_ER |
| NC | 17 | – | – |
| NC | 18 | – | – |
| NC | 19 | – | – |
| NC | 20 | – | – |
| NC | 21 | – | – |
| NC | 22 | – | – |
| IO15 | 23 | I/O | GPIO15, ADC2_CH3, TOUCH3, MTDO, HSPICS0, RTC_GPIO13, HS2_CMD, SD_CMD, EMAC_RXD3 |
| IO2 | 24 | I/O | GPIO2, ADC2_CH2, TOUCH2, RTC_GPIO12, HSPIWP, HS2_DATA0, SD_DATA0 |
| IO0 | 25 | I/O | GPIO0, ADC2_CH1, TOUCH1, RTC_GPIO11, CLK_OUT1,EMAC_TX_CLK |
| IO4 | 26 | I/O | GPIO4, ADC2_CH0, TOUCH0, RTC_GPIO10, HSPIHD, HS2_DATA1, SD_DATA1, EMAC_TX_ER |
| IO16 | 27 | I/O | GPIO16, HS1_DATA4, U2RXD, EMAC_CLK_OUT |
| IO17 | 28 | I/O | GPIO17, HS1_DATA5, U2TXD, EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 – |
| IO5 | 29 | I/O | GPIO5, VSPICS0, HS1_DATA6, EMAC_RX_CLK |
| IO18 | 30 | I/O | GPIO18, VSPICLK, HS1_DATA7 |
Piti Whakapiri
E rima nga titi here a ESP32, ka kitea i te Upoko 6 Kaupapa:
- MTDI
- GPIO0
- GPIO2
- MTDO
- GPIO5
Ka taea e te rorohiko te panui nga uara o enei moka e rima mai i te rehitatanga "GPIO_STRAPPING"
Ka honoa ia titi here ki tana kume -ake/pull -iho o roto i te wa o te tautuhi maramara. No reira, ki te kore e honoa tetahi titi here, he nui ranei te ara iahiko o waho e hono ana, ko te kume ngoikore o roto -runga / kume - ki raro ka whakatau i te taumata whakauru taunoa o nga titi here. Hei huri i nga uara moka here, ka taea e nga kaiwhakamahi te whakamahi i nga parenga kume-iho/pull-up o waho, te whakamahi ranei i nga GPIO a te MCU o te kaihautu hei whakahaere i te voltagte taumata o enei titi i te wa e hiko ana ki te ESP32. Whai muri i te tukunga o te tuku, ka mahi nga titi here hei titi -mahi noa. Tirohia te Ripanga 4 mo te whirihoranga boot -mode taipitopito ma te whitiki titi
| Aratau Whakaoho | |||||
| Pin | Taunoa | Whakaoho SPI | Tikiake Boot | ||
| GPIO0 | Huki-ake | 1 | 0 | ||
| GPIO2 | Kumea-iho | Kaua e tiaki | 0 | ||
| Te Whakahohe/Whakakore i te Rangitaki Patuiro Taa ki runga U0TXD I te Whakaoho | |||||
| Pin | Taunoa | U0TXD Hohe | U0TXD Wahangu | ||
| MTDO | Huki-ake | 1 | 0 | ||
| Te wa o te Taurekareka SDIO | |||||
| Pin | Taunoa | Ngangau-mata SamplingHunga-matau | Ngangau-mata SamplingRising-edge Putanga | Rising-side SamplingHunga-matau | Rising-side SamplingRising-edge Putanga |
| MTDO | Huki-ake | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| GPIO5 | Huki-ake | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Tuhipoka:
- Ka taea e te Firmware te whirihora i nga moka rehita hei whakarereke i nga tautuhinga o ”Voltage o roto LDO (VDD_SDIO)” me te” Wā o SDIO Slave” i muri i booting.
- Ko te parenga kume a roto (R9) mo MTDI kaore i te noho ki roto i te kōwae, na te mea ko te uira me te SRAM kei ESP32 -32E e tautoko ana i te puia hiko.tage o 3.3 V (putanga na VDD_SDIO)
Whakaahuatanga Mahi
Ko tenei upoko e whakaatu ana i nga waahanga me nga mahi kua whakauruhia ki te ESP32 -WROOM -32E
PTM me te Mahara o roto
Kei roto i te ESP32 D0WD V3 e rua nga miihini iti Xtensa ® 32 bit LX6 microprocessors. Kei roto i te mahara o roto: • 448 KB o ROM mo te whakaoho me nga mahi matua.
- 520 KB o runga maramara SRAM mo nga raraunga me nga tohutohu.
- 8 KB o SRAM i RTC, e kiia nei ko RTC FAST Memory ka taea te whakamahi mo te rokiroki raraunga; ka uru atu e te PTM matua i te wa o te RTC Boot mai i te aratau moe hohonu.
- 8 KB o te SRAM i roto i te RTC, e kiia nei ko RTC SLOW Memory ka taea te uru atu e te pūtukatuka tahi i te aratau moe hohonu.
- 1 Kbit o eFuse: Ka whakamahia nga paraka 256 mo te punaha (te wahitau MAC me te whirihoranga maramara) me nga toenga 768 moka kua rahuitia mo nga tono a nga kaihoko, tae atu ki te flash -encryption me te maramara -ID.
Kohiko waho me te SRAM
E tautoko ana a ESP32 i te maha o nga rama QSPI o waho me nga maramara SRAM. Ka kitea etahi atu korero i roto i te Upoko SPI i roto i te pukapuka Tohutoro Hangarau ESP32. E tautoko ana hoki a ESP32 i te whakamunatanga/whakamunatanga taputapu i runga i te AES hei tiaki i nga kaupapa me nga raraunga a nga kaiwhakawhanake i roto i te uira. Ka taea e ESP32 te uru atu ki te uira QSPI o waho me te SRAM na roto i nga keteroki tere tere.
- Ko te uira o waho ka taea te mapi ki roto i te mokowā maumahara tohutohu PTM me te panui -anake te waahi mahara i te wa kotahi. – Ina mapihia te rama o waho ki roto i te mokowā maharahara tohutohu PTM, tae atu ki te 11 MB + 248 KB ka taea te mapi i te wa kotahi. Kia mahara, ki te nui ake i te 3 MB + 248 KB ka mapihia, ka heke te mahi keteroki na runga i nga panui whakapae a te PTM. – Ina mapihia te rama o waho ki te mokowā mahara raraunga panui-anake, tae atu ki te 4 MB ka taea te mapi i te wa kotahi. 8-bit, 16-bit me te 32-bit ka tautokohia nga panui.
- Ka taea te mapi SRAM waho ki te mokowā mahara raraunga PTM. Tae atu ki te 4 MB ka taea te mapi i te wa kotahi. 8-bit, 16-bit me te 32-bit te panui me te tuhi e tautokohia ana. Ko te ESP32 -WROOM -32E he whakauru i te 4 MB SPI flash mokowā mahara.
RTC me te Whakahaere-Power iti
Ma te whakamahi i nga hangarau hiko -management matatau, ka taea e ESP32 te huri i waenga i nga momo hiko rereke. Mo nga korero mo te kohi hiko a ESP32 i roto i nga momo hiko rereke, tena koa tirohia te waahanga "RTC me te Iti - Whakahaere Hiko" i te Kaiwhakamahi ESP32 Manua.
Pikitia me Pūoko
Tuhipoka:
Ka taea te hono atu ki waho ki tetahi GPIO engari mo nga GPIO kei te awhe 6 -11, 16, 17 ranei. Ko nga GPIO 6 -11 e hono ana ki te rama SPI whakauru o te kōwae. Mo nga taipitopito, tirohia te Wāhanga 6 Kaupapa.
Nga Ahuatanga Hiko
Whakatauranga Morahi Tino
Ko nga taumahatanga kei tua atu i nga reiti morahi kua whakarārangihia ki te ripanga i raro nei ka raru tonu te taputapu. He whakatauranga ahotea anake enei, a kaua e korero ki te mahi mahi o te taputapu me whai i nga tikanga whakahaere kua tohua.
- I mahi tika te kōwae i muri i te whakamatautau 24-haora i roto i te pāmahana ambient i te 25 °C, me nga IO i roto i nga rohe e toru (VDD3P3_RTC, VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO) ka whakaputa i te taumata arorau teitei ki te whenua.
- Tirohia te Apitihanga IO_MUX o te Pepa Raraunga ESP32 mo te mana o IO
Nga Tikanga Mahi Manako
| Tohu | Tawhā | Min | Tikanga | Max | Waeine |
| VDD33 | Hoko tuku voltage | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.6 | V |
| IV DD | Ka tukuna mai e te hiko o waho | 0.5 | – | – | A |
| T | Te pāmahana whakahaere | –40 | – | 85 | °C |
Ngā Āhuatanga DC (3.3 V, 25 °C)
| Tohu | Tawhā | Min | Pato | Max | Waeine | |
| CIN | Te kaha titi | – | 2 | – | pF | |
| VIH | Voltage | 0.75×VDD1 | – | VDD1 + 0.3 | V | |
| VIL | Putanga whakauru taumata-ititage | –0.3 | – | 0.25×VDD1 | V | |
| IIH | Naianei whakauru taumata teitei | – | – | 50 | nA | |
| IIL | Naianei whakauru taumata-iti | – | – | 50 | nA | |
| VOH | Putanga taumata teitei voltage | 0.8×VDD1 | – | – | V | |
| VOL | Putanga taumata iti voltage | – | – | 0.1×VDD1 | V | |
| IOH | Naianei puna taumata teitei (VDD1 = 3.3 V, VOH >= 2.64 V, kua whakaritea te kaha puku putanga ki te teitei) | VDD3P3_CPU mana mana 1; 2 | – | 40 | – | mA |
| VDD3P3_RTC rohe hiko 1; 2 | – | 40 | – | mA | ||
| VDD_SDIO rohe mana 1; 3 | – | 20 | – | mA | ||
| Tohu | Tawhā | Min | Pato | Max | Waeine |
| IOL | Naianei totohu taumata-iti(VDD1 = 3.3 V, VOL = 0.495 V, kua whakaritea te kaha puku putanga ki te teitei) | – | 28 | – | mA |
| RPU | Te ātete o te parenga kume-ake o roto | – | 45 | – | kΩ |
| RPD | Ātete o roto parenga kume-iho | – | 45 | – | kΩ |
| VIL_nRST | Putanga whakauru taumata-ititage o CHIP_PU ki te whakakore i te maramara | – | – | 0.6 | V |
Tuhipoka:
- Tirohia te Apitihanga IO_MUX o te Pepa Raraunga ESP32 mo te rohe hiko o IO. Ko te VDD te I/O voltage mo tetahi rohe mana o nga titi.
- Mo te rohe hiko VDD3P3_CPU me VDD3P3_RTC, ka heke haere te naianei mo ia titi i te rohe kotahi mai i te 40 mA ki te 29 mA, VOH>=2.64 V, i te mea ka piki haere te maha o nga titi puna o naianei.
- Ko nga titi e nohoia ana e te flash me te PSRAM ranei i roto i te rohe mana VDD_SDIO i kapea mai i te whakamatautau.
Wi-Fi Radio
| Tawhā | Tikanga | Min | Tikanga | Max | Waeine |
| Awhe auau whakahaere tuhipoka1 | – | 2412 | – | 2462 | MHz |
| Mana RF | 802.11b:26dBm802.11g:25.42dBm802.11n20:25.48dBm802.11n40:25.78dBm |
dBm |
|||
| Te tairongo | 11b, 1 Mbps | – | –98 | – | dBm |
| 11b, 11 Mbps | – | –89 | – | dBm | |
| 11g, 6 Mbps | – | –92 | – | dBm | |
| 11g, 54 Mbps | – | –74 | – | dBm | |
| 11n, HT20, MCS0 | – | –91 | – | dBm | |
| 11n, HT20, MCS7 | – | –71 | – | dBm | |
| 11n, HT40, MCS0 | – | –89 | – | dBm | |
| 11n, HT40, MCS7 | – | –69 | – | dBm | |
| Te aukati hongere tata | 11g, 6 Mbps | – | 31 | – | dB |
| 11g, 54 Mbps | – | 14 | – | dB | |
| 11n, HT20, MCS0 | – | 31 | – | dB | |
| 11n, HT20, MCS7 | – | 13 | – | dB | |
Nihokikorangi/BLE Radio
| Tawhā | Nga tikanga | Min | Pato | Max | Waeine |
| Te Maamaa @30.8% PER | – | – | –97 | – | dBm |
| Morahi whiwhi tohu @30.8% PER | – | 0 | – | – | dBm |
| Hongere-tahi C/I | – | – | +10 | – | dB |
|
Te whiriwhiri hongere tata C/I |
F = F0 + 1 MHz | – | –5 | – | dB |
| F = F0 – 1 MHz | – | –5 | – | dB | |
| F = F0 + 2 MHz | – | –25 | – | dB | |
| F = F0 – 2 MHz | – | –35 | – | dB | |
| F = F0 + 3 MHz | – | –25 | – | dB | |
| F = F0 – 3 MHz | – | –45 | – | dB | |
|
Mahinga aukati-waho |
30 MHz ~ 2000 MHz | –10 | – | – | dBm |
| 2000 MHz ~ 2400 MHz | –27 | – | – | dBm | |
| 2500 MHz ~ 3000 MHz | –27 | – | – | dBm | |
| 3000 MHz ~ 12.5 GHz | –10 | – | – | dBm | |
| Whakahono | – | –36 | – | – | dBm |
Kaituku
| Tawhā | Nga tikanga | Min | Pato | Max | Waeine |
| Auautanga RF | – | 2402 | – | 2480 | MHz |
| Whiwhi mana whakahaere | – | – | 3 | – | dBm |
| Awhe mana mana RF | – | –12 | – | +10 | dBm |
| Ko te hongere tata te tuku mana | F = F0 ± 2 MHz | – | –52 | – | dBm |
| F = F0 ± 3 MHz | – | –58 | – | dBm | |
| F = F0 ± > 3 MHz | – | –60 | – | dBm | |
| ∆ f1 toharite | – | – | – | 265 | kHz |
| ∆ f2max | – | 247 | – | – | kHz |
| ∆ f2tauake/∆ f1 toharite | – | – | –0.92 | – | – |
| ICFT | – | – | –10 | – | kHz |
| Te tere tere | – | – | 0.7 | – | kHz/50 s |
| Panuku | – | – | 2 | – | kHz |
Reflow Profile
Ramp -rohe ki runga — Temp.: <150 Wā: 60 ~ 90s Ramp -tere ake: 1 ~ 3 / s Rohe whakamahana - Temp.: 150 ~ 200 Wā: 60 ~ 120s Ramp -tere ake: 0.3 ~ 0.8 / s
Rohe Rerere — Temp.: >217 7LPH60 ~ 90s; Peak Temp.: 235 ~ 250 (<245 tūtohutia) Wā: 30 ~ 70s
Rohe whakamatao — Peak Temp. ~ 180 Ramp -reiti iho: -1 ~ -5 / s
Whakatakotoranga Antenna
Ahu:
Nga Mahinga Tauira:
Tuhinga o mua
| Rā | Putanga | Tuku tuhipoka |
| 2020.02 | V0.1 | Te tuku tuatahi mo te tiwhikete CE&FCC. |
Arataki OEM
- Nga ture FCC e tika ana Ka whakawhiwhia tenei waahanga e te Whakaaetanga Whakaaetanga Kotahi. Ka tutuki ki nga whakaritenga o te FCC wahanga 15C, tekiona 15.247 ture.
- Ko nga tikanga whakamahi motuhake Ka taea te whakamahi i tenei waahanga ki nga taputapu IoT. Ko te urunga voltage ki te kōwae ko nominally 3.3V-3.6 V DC. Ko te pāmahana ambient whakahaere o te kōwae ko -30 ki te 85 tohu C. Ko te pūihi PCB tāmau anake te whakaaetia. Ko etahi atu antenna o waho ka rahuitia.
- He iti noa nga tikanga mokowae N/A
- Tohua hoahoa antenna N/A
- Nga whakaaro whakakitenga RF
Ka ū nga taputapu ki nga tepe whakararu iraruraru FCC kua whakaritea mo te taiao kore whakahaere. Kei roto i nga taputapu etahi atu arotake whakamaarama RF e tika ana mo te whakamahi kawe o te reo irirangi Nihokikorangi <20cm i waenga i te radiator me te tinana. Mo te huringa o te ahuatanga RF o te waahanga mai i te waea pūkoro ki te kawe, kua monoa te reo irirangi Wi-Fi. - Antenna Antenna momo: PCB antenna; Te whiwhinga teitei: 3.40dBi
- Te tapanga me nga korero tautukunga Ka taea e te tapanga o waho o te hua mutunga o OEM te whakamahi kupu penei i enei e whai ake nei: “Kei roto i te Waea Whakawhiti FCC ID: 2A9ZM-WROOM32E” ranei “Kei roto FCC ID: 2A9ZM-WROOM32E.”
- Nga korero mo nga momo whakamatautau me etahi atu whakaritenga whakamatautau
a)Kua tino whakamatauria te kaitahuri modular e te kaihautu o te waahanga mo te maha o nga hongere, momo whakahurihuri, me nga tikanga, kaore e tika kia whakamatauria ano e te kaiwhakataki nga momo momo tuku, nga tautuhinga ranei. E taunaki ana kia mahia e te kaihanga o nga hua kaihautu, e whakauru ana i te kaiwhakawhiti modular, etahi inenga whakatewhatewha hei whakaū i te hua o te punaha hiato kaore e neke ake i nga tepe tukunga pohehe, te rohe taha roopu ranei (hei tauira, he rereke nga antenna ka puta kee atu nga tuku).
b)Ko nga whakamatautau me tirotiro mo nga tukunga ka puta mai na te whakakotahitanga o nga tukunga ki etahi atu kaikawe, ara iahiko mamati, na nga ahuatanga tinana ranei o te hua kaihautu (whakapiri). He mea nui tenei whakatewhatewha i te wa e whakauru ana i nga kaiwhakawhiti modular maha kei te ahu mai te tiwhikete i runga i te whakamatautau i ia waahanga i roto i te whirihoranga motuhake. He mea nui kia mahara ko nga kaihanga hua kaihautu kaua e kii na te mea kua whakamanahia te kaiwhakawhiti modular kaore he kawenga mo te whakatutuki i nga hua whakamutunga.
c)Mena ka tohuhia e te tirotiro he awangawanga tautukunga ma te kaihanga o nga hua kaihautu e kaha ki te whakaiti i te take. Ko nga hua kaihautu e whakamahi ana i te kaiwhakawhiti modular kei raro i nga ture hangarau takitahi e tika ana tae atu ki nga tikanga whanui mo te mahi i nga waahanga 15.5, 15.15, me te 15.29 kia kore ai e pokanoa. Ko te kaiwhakahaere o te hua kaihautu me whakamutu te whakahaere i te taputapu kia whakatika ra ano te pokanoa. - Nga whakamatautau taapiri, Wāhanga 15 Waahanga Wāhanga B Whakakahore Me arotake te huinga o te kaihautu / kōwae whakamutunga ki nga paearu FCC Wāhanga 15B mo nga radiator pohehe kia tika ai te whakamana mo te mahi hei taputapu mamati Wāhanga 15.
Whakatupato FCC:
Ko nga Huringa me nga whakarereketanga kaore i tino whakaaehia e te roopu kawenga mo te hanganga ture ka whakakorehia te mana o te kaiwhakamahi ki te whakahaere i nga taputapu. Ka tutuki tenei taputapu ki te wahanga 15 o nga Ture FCC. Ko te mahi kei raro i nga tikanga e rua e whai ake nei: (1) Kare pea tenei taputapu e whakararu kino, me te (2) Me whakaae tenei taputapu ki nga pokanoa ka tae mai, tae atu ki te pokanoa ka puta he mahi kino.
Tuhinga / Rauemi
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