ST com SL-PTOOL1V1 Hoahoa Tohutoro Kiato mo te Voli ititage Nga taputapu hiko kore paraihe
Kupu Whakataki
Ko tenei STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 kiato 70 mm x 30 mm te papa hoahoa tohutoro kua whakaritea mo te iti voltage nga taputapu hiko i peia
na nga motini paraihe kore-waa-3, ka tukuna mai e nga pākahiko 2S ki te 6S. Ko te hoahoa i runga i te STSPIN32F0B kaiwhakahaere me te STL180N6F7 (STL220N6F7 ranei) mana MOSFET.
Kua reri te poari mo te FOC korekore me te mohio, ka taea te whirihora mo te whakahaere korekore e ono-taahiraa ma te ara iahiko tairongo BEMF e waatea ana. Ko te firmware exampKo te whakauru i roto i te STM32 Motor Control SDK (X-CUBE-MCSDK-Y) e whakamahi ana i nga urupare tuunga mai i nga pukoro paanga Hall, me te patuiro me te kaha o te hotaka e waatea ana i roto i te atanga SWD me te waahanga whakamohoatanga firmware tika.
Ka taea e te poari te tuku ki runga ki te 15 He o naianei tonu, he mihi hoki ki te tohanga waiariki tino pai e whakaratohia ana e te heatsink whakauru. Ka whakauruhia he hiko hiko tere e hono ana me te momotu i te pākahiko, ka taea te kai tatari i raro i te 1 μA mo te roanga o te pākahiko. He maha nga waahanga whakamarumaru kei roto, penei i te kati waiariki, undervoltage maukati, whakamarumaru i te awa me te paepae ka taea te whakarite me te whakamuri o te mana stage nga putanga.
Ko tenei hoahoa tohutoro te nuinga o te whakaaro mo nga taputapu hiko, engari he tino pai mo nga tono hiko-hiko e pa ana ki te hoahoanga, te whakatau me te mahinga. Kei te waatea te whakaurunga potentiometer mo te rereke tere.
Te timatanga
Nga whakaritenga haumaru
mōrearea: Ko etahi o nga waahanga kua whakauruhia ki runga i te papa ka taea te pa ki te pāmahana morearea i te wa e mahi ana.
Tupato: I a koe e whakamahi ana i te papa:
- Kaua e pa ki nga waahanga, ki te werawera ranei
- Kaua e hipokina te papa
- Kaua e pa atu te papa ki nga rawa muramura, ki nga taonga ranei e tuku auahi ana ina wera
- I muri i te mahi, tukua te papa kia whakamatao i mua i te pa atu
- Ko te taapiri i te punga hiko nui e tino taunakitia ana hei aukati i te kore whakapumau hiko, voltagka pupuhi i te hiko ka taea te pakaru i te taputapu
Ka mutuview
Ka whakatinanahia e te STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 he topology kotahi-shunt me nga ahuatanga:
- 7 – 45 V nekeneke voltage tautokona ana te whakatauranga
- E taunaki ana mo nga taputapu hiko i tukuna mai i te 2S ki te 6S pākahiko
- Naianei putanga ki te 15 Arms
- STSPIN32F0B teitei 3-wahanga pūmana nekeneke i whakahāngaitia mo nga tono shunt kotahi
- STL180N6F7 60 V, 1.9 mΩ N-hongere hiko MOSFET
- Ko te naianei tutatari tino iti kei raro iho i te 1µA he mihi ki te keu-whaka-whaka-waho/whakaweto
- Totohu wera kia pai ake te tohanga hiko
- tapuwae tino kiato (70 mm x 30 mm)
- Tūhono tāuru mō pūoko pānga Hall me encoder
- Te kaha mono-a-takaro na roto i te umanga e ono-taahiraa me nga urupare aa-a-te-a-Haere
- E ono-taahiraa mana karekau e waatea ana na roto i te ara iahiko tairongo BEMF whakatapua me te Mana Whakaaro-apure-kore-kore
- Te whakaritenga tere ma te kuti o waho
- Parenga: whakaweto waiariki, UVLO, overcurrent and reverse biasing of power stage whakaputanga
- Atanga patuiro SWD me te whakamohoatanga firmware tika (DFU) ma te UART
Nga taputapu me nga whakaritenga rorohiko
Hei whakamahi i te papa STEVAL-PTOOL1V1, me:
- he Windows (7, 8, 10) PC
- ST-LINK patuiro/kaitakataka mo STM32
- te STM32 Motor Mana SDK (X-CUBE-MCSDK-Y)
- tetahi o nga IDE e whai ake nei:
- IAR Paetamahi Whakauru mo te ARM
- Keil microcontroller development kit (MDK-ARM-STR)
- STM32CubeIDE
- he tuku hiko me te putanga voltage i waenga i te 7 me te 45 V (70 mA, te teitei o te whakaurunga PCB o naianei DC anake i roto i te aratau oma)
- he motini paraihe kore-waa-toru i roto i te naianei me te voltage awhe o te tuku hiko me te STSPIN32F0B
Whakaahuatanga me te whirihoranga taputapu
Whakaatu 2. STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 i rungaview
- He kutikuti ture tere
- Te keu hiko
- He pai te tuku pākahiko
- Kohao mo te whakapuru i te whakamahana
- Tuhono wahanga motuka
- Tuhono wahanga motuka
- Tuhono wahanga motuka
- Te tuku pākahiko kino
- Tuhono pūoko Hall
- Iahiko taiwhanga BEMF
- Atanga SWD
- Nga GPIO
Ko nga MCU GPIO i mapi ki runga i nga hononga J3
| Kaihono | Pin no. | Waitohu | Nga korero |
|
J3 |
1 | NRST | Tohu SWD-RESET |
| 2 | Papa whenua | ||
| 3 | PA13 | Tohu SWD-CLK | |
| 4 | PB1 | ||
| 5 | Papa whenua | Tohu SWD-GND | |
| 6 | PA7 | BEMF whakawehe wehewehe | |
| 7 | PA14 | Tohu SWD-DIO | |
| 8 | PA6 | ||
| 9 | VDD | ||
| 10 | PA5 | ||
| 11 | PUKA0 | ||
| 12 | PA4 | Nga urupare o naianei |
| Kaihono | Pin no. | Waitohu | Nga korero |
|
J3 |
13 | PA15 | |
| 14 | PA3 | Ko te whakaurunga kutikuti ture tere | |
| 15 | PB6 | ||
| 16 | PC14 | ||
| 17 | PB7 | ||
| 18 | PC15 | ||
| 19 | PB8 | ||
| 20 | PB9 |
Ko te aratau mahi me te whiriwhiri i te topology
Ko te STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 e tautoko ana i te 6-step sensorless and sensored algorithms.
E ai ki te algorithm e whakamahia ana, ka taea e koe te whakarereke i te whirihoranga o te poari ma te whakapiri i nga waahanga ngaro kia rite ki te tepu i raro nei.
Ripanga 2. whirihoranga taputapu
| Hangarau taraiwa | Nga huringa taputapu |
| Te manutuu
Voltagaratau e (tirohia Whakaahua 3) |
• Me whakakiia te ara iahiko tairongo BEMF • R10, R11 me R12 me kore e hokona |
| Aratau Pūkorokore o nāianei
(tirohia Whakaahua 3 a Whakaahua 4) |
• Me whakakiia te ara iahiko tairongo BEMF
• R10, R11 me R12 me kore e hokona • Ka taea te noho C20 me C21 ki te whakapai ake i nga mahi tātari urupare o naianei • R28 me R38 ka taea te noho ki te whakatiki, ki te wehewehe ranei i te tohu urupare o naianei |
| Pūoko Hall
Voltage aratau |
Taunoa - kaore he huringa e hiahiatia ana |
| Pūoko Hall Aratau o nāianei
(tirohia Whakaahua 4) |
• Ka taea te whakakii i a C20 me C21 ki te whakapai ake i nga mahi tātari urupare o naianei me/ki te whakawehe/wehewehe
• R28 me R38 ka taea te noho ki te whakatiki, ki te wehewehe ranei i te tohu urupare o naianei |
Rongo onāianei
Ka whakairihia e te papa STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 he parenga shunt kia mohio ai te ia e rere ana ki roto i nga wahanga motuka. Ka hono te parenga ki tetahi ampka whakauruhia ki roto i te STSPIN32F0B mo te whakamaarama tohu i mua i te tuku atu i te uara mohio ki te kaiwhakariterite whakauru. Ka taea te huri i nga tawhā tātari me te tauwehe whiwhi ma te R26 me C20. Ko te tohu kua tātarihia (he urupare o naianei) ka tukuna ki J3-12.
Ko te STSPIN32F0B he whakauru he kaiwhakarite mo te kitenga OC. Ina whakaohohia he takahanga OC, ka tohuhia e te putanga whakatairite OC te huihuinga OC ki nga whakaurunga MCU PB12 me PA12 (BKIN me ETR). Ko te paepae OC o roto ka taea te whakarite ma te MCU (nga tauranga PF6 me te PF7 kia rite ki te ripanga i raro nei). Ko te tautuhinga tepe o naianei e pa ana ki te parenga shunt me nga uara whakamaarama tohu.
Ripanga 3. Nga paepae OC
| PF6 | PF7 | Paepae OC [mV] | Tetenga o naianei taunoa [A] |
| 0 | 0 | NA | |
| 0 | 1 | 100 | 20 |
| 1 | 0 | 250 | 50 |
| 1 | 1 | 500 | 100 |
Pūoko pānga Hall me te tūhono encoder
Ko te papa STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 e hono ana ki nga pukoro aa-a-waha o te Hall mamati, ki te encoder ranei e mau ana ki runga i te motini me te papa whanaketanga STM32 Nucleo ma te hononga J7.
Ka whakaratohia e te hononga:
- parenga kume-ake (R6, R8, R9) mo te tuwhera-whakaheke me te tuwhera-kohikohi atanga
Tangohia nga parenga kume-ake mena ka puta nga putanga pana (tirohia te Whakaahua 5) - te tikanga hono te encoder/sensor supply ki te vol pākahikotage engari ka taea te whakarereke i te tautuhinga taunoa ma te tango i te R3 me te R4 taiawhio poto ka taea te tuku VDD (tirohia te Whakaahua 5)
Ripanga 4. J7 pinout
| Pin | Kaiwaehere | pūoko pānga Hall |
| 1 | A+ | Whare 1 |
| 2 | B+ | Whare 2 |
| 3 | Z | Whare 3 |
| Pin | Kaiwaehere | pūoko pānga Hall |
| 4 | Tuku hiko encoder | Te tuku hiko hiko |
| 5 | Papa whenua | Papa whenua |
Tere tere
Ka taea e koe te hono i te kuti o waho ki te hononga J9 ki te whakarato i te MCU me te tohu tairitenga e whakamahia ana e te firmware hei waahi tautuhi o te kopae mana tere.
Te voltage awhe mai i te 0 ki te 3.3 V (VDD) ka piki ake ma te huri i te kuti ki te taha karaka.
Whakakā/whakaweto iahiko
Ma te whakawhiti o waho ka taea e koe te hono tika, te momotu ranei i te MCU me te pākahiko, ka whakaiti i te kai ata noho ki te taumata iti rawa. I te wa ka kati te pana, ka taea te taraiwa i te motuka i runga i te hiahia o te algorithm mana.
Ko te waahanga hoahoa i raro nei e whakaatu ana i te whakakao/whakaweto iahiko keu. Ma te kati i te pana keu, ka whakaitihia te kuaha Q1 PMOS, ka hono te pākahiko ki te ara iahiko.
Kia ora-a iahiko
I te wa e hono ana te Q1 PMOS i te pākahiko ki te STSPIN32F0B ka piki ake te VM ki runga ake i te hurihanga o te paepae, ka tiimata te raupapa hiko, ka mahia e te kaiwhakahaere peera whakauru te ramp te tuku MCU.
I te wa e mahi ana te MCU, ka taea e koe te kati i te PMOS ma te whakamahi i te Q2 NMOS e mahi ana hei pana MCU e whakarara ana ki te pana keu o waho. No reira, ka whakahaerehia e te firmware te hononga i waenga i te pākahiko me te STSPIN32F0B ka taea e te waehere te mahi i te whakaweto haumaru (mo muaample, ma te tarai i te motini).
Tautuhia te putanga GPIO (PF0) ki te arawhiti MCU.
Te kitenga mana keu o waho
Ahakoa ko te STSPIN32F0B e tukuna ana e te ara iahiko pupuri-ora, me aro turuki tonu te mana o te pana keu o waho ki te mahi i te raupapa kati ina tukuna.
Ko te GPIO aroturuki (PF1) e hono ana ki te whakawhiti ma te D2 diode. I te wa e kati ana te pana, ka whakahekehia te GPIO ma te D2. Ma te tuku i te pana, ka weto a D2 ka toia te GPIO e te parenga.
Ko te haukoti hei whakaoho i te aukati me te aukati i te motini me whakanoho ki te taha piki o PF1.
Te whakamarumaru ki te rītaha whakamuri mai i te mana stage whakaputanga
Ka hono tonu te pākahiko ki te mana stage i te mea ka momotuhia te taha mana ma te whakawhiti Q1 PMOS. Na, ko te voltage o te mana stagKo te putanga (VOUT) ka nui ake i te tuku arorau mana (VM) e takahi ana i te tepe AMR o te ara iahiko taraiwa kuaha (VOUT max. = VM + 2 V).
Ka parea te taputapu ki tenei whakamuri whakamuri e nga diodes i waenga i ia putanga me te tuku VM (D3, D4, D5 me D7).
Me pehea te whakamahi i te papa
Hipanga 1. Tirohia nga whiringa whakapuru kia rite ki te aratau mahi e hiahiatia ana (tirohia te Wāhanga 2.1 Te aratau mahi me te whiriwhiringa topology sensing).
Hipanga 2. Honoa he pana keu o waho ki J8.
Hei whiringa, ka taea e koe te hono atu i te kuti o waho ki te J9 hei rereke i te tere motuka.
Hipanga 3. Whakaratohia te poari ma J1 (pai) me J2 (papa).
Hipanga 4. Tikiake i te waehere kua whakahiato-mua ma te atanga SWD.
Hipanga 5. Honoa nga wahanga motini korepara ki J4, J5 me J6.
Hipanga 6. Whakawhanakehia to tono ma te whakamahi i te firmware exampte whakauru i roto i te STM32 Motor Control SDK (X-CUBEMCSDK- Y) hei timatanga.
Nga hoahoa hoahoa
Whakaahua 7. STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 hoahoa hoahoa
Pire rauemi
Ripanga 5. STEVAL-PTOOL1V1 pire rauemi
| Tūemi | Q.ty | Ref. | Wāhanga/Uara | Whakaahuatanga | Kaihanga | Waehere tono |
| 1 | 2 | C1, C2 | 4.7µF Rahi 1206 50 V | SMT pūnga uku | Kemet | C1206C475K5PACTU |
| 2 | 1 | C3 | 47 µF Rahi
0805 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Kemet | C0805C476M9PACTU |
| 3 | 2 | C4, C19 | 1 nF Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Murata | GRM155R61H102KA01D |
| 4 | 2 | C5, C18 | 100 nF Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Murata | GCM155R71C104KA55D |
| 5 | 1 | C6 | 4.7 µF Rahi 1206 50 V | SMT pūnga uku | Kemet | C1206C475K5PACTU |
| 6 | 1 | C7 | 220 nF Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Taiyo Yuden | UMK105BJ224KV-F |
| 7 | 3 | C10, C11, C17 | 1000 n Rahi
0603 V |
SMT pūnga uku | TDK | C1608X7R1C105K080AC |
| 8 | 1 | C12 | 100 n Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Murata | GCM155R71C104KA55D |
| 9 | 1 | C13 | 1 n Rahi 0402
3.6 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Murata | GRM155R61H102KA01D |
| 10 | 4 | C14, C15, C16, C22 | 100 p Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | MULTICOMP | MC0402B101K250CT |
|
11 |
2 |
C20, C21 |
Rahi 0402 6.3 V | SMT pūnga uku (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
| 12 | 1 | C23 | 10 µ Rahi
0805 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Murata | GRM21BR61C106KE15L |
| 13 | 1 | C24 | 10 n Rahi
0402 V |
SMT pūnga uku | Wurth Elektronik | 885012205012 |
| 14 | 1 | D1 | STPS0560Z SOD-123 | Kaiwhakatika Schottky | ST | STPS0560Z |
| 15 | 1 | D2 | BZT585B12T SOD523 | SMD Tika Zener Diode | Diodes Incorporated | BZT585B12T-7 |
| 16 | 5 | D3, D4, D5, D6, D7 | 1N4148WS SOD-323F | Waitohu Iti Tere Whakawhiti Diode | Vishay | 1N4148WS-E3-08 |
|
17 |
3 |
D8, D9, D10 |
BZX585-C3V3 SOD-523 3.3 V | 3.3 V Zener Diode 300mW (kaore i eke) |
Nexperia |
BZX585-C3V3 ranei
ōrite (NP) |
|
18 |
3 |
D11, D12, D13 |
BAT30KFILM SOD-523 30 V | Waitohu Iti Schottky Diode (kaore i eke) |
ST |
|
|
19 |
6 |
D14, D15, D16, D17, D18, D19 | BAT30KFILM SOD-523 30 V | Waitohu Iti Schottky Diode |
ST |
|
| 1 | D20 | IN4148WS SOD-323 75V | Diode kaupapa whanui | Vishay | 1N4148WS-E3-08 | |
| 20 | 1 | JP1 | SMT pekepeke | Tetahi | ||
| 21 | 5 | J1, J2, J4, J5, J6 | Poka Whakakikoruatia 3 mm | Kaipekepeke | Tetahi |
| Tūemi | Q.ty | Ref. | Wāhanga/Uara | Whakaahuatanga | Kaihanga | Waehere tono |
|
22 |
1 |
J3 |
WAHI 2×10 2×10 titi |
Tuhono hono 10×2 pou, 2.54 mm (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
|
23 |
1 |
J7 |
WAHI 1×5
1×5 titi |
Tuhono hono 5
pou, 2.54 mm (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
|
24 |
1 |
J8 |
WAHI 1×2
1×2 titi |
Tuhono hono 2
pou, 2.54 mm (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
|
25 |
1 |
J9 |
WAHI 1×3
1×3 titi |
Tuhono hono 3
pou, 2.54 mm (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
|
26 |
1 |
L1 |
22 µF, 580 mA, SMD 3 x
1.5 mm |
Kaituku |
Bourns |
SRN3015-220M |
|
27 |
1 |
Q1 |
STN3P6F6 SOT-223 |
Hoere-P -60 V,
0.13 Ohm, -3 A STripFET F6 Power MOSFET |
ST |
|
|
28 |
1 |
Q2 |
2N7002 SOT-23 | hongere-N 60 V,
7.5 Ohm MOSFET |
ST |
2N7002 |
|
29 |
6 |
Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8 |
STL180N6F7 |
hongere-N 60 V,
1.9 mOhm, 120 A STripFET F7 MOSFET Mana |
ST |
|
|
STL180N6F7 |
hongere-N 60 V,
0.0012 Ohm momo, 260 HE STripFET F7 Power MOSFET |
|
||||
|
30 |
2 |
R1, R2 |
100 k Rahi
0402 1/16W 5 % |
SMT parenga |
Panasonic |
ERJ2RKF1003X |
| 31 | 1 | R3 | 0 R Rahi 0805
0.1 W 5 % |
SMT parenga | Yageo | RC0805JR-070RL |
| 32 | 1 | R4 | Rahi 0805 0.1
W 5 % |
SMT parenga (kaore i eke) | Tetahi | |
|
33 |
2 |
R5, R41 |
100 k Rahi
0402 1/16 W 5 % |
SMT parenga |
Panasonic |
ERJ2RKF1003X |
| 34 | 3 | R6, R8, R9 | 10 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 5 % | SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ2RKF1002X |
| 35 | 1 | R7 | 15 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 5 % | SMT parenga | Vishay | CRCW040215K0FKED |
| 36 | 3 | R10, R11, R12 | 1 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 5 % | SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ2GEJ102X |
|
37 |
1 |
R13 |
100 k Rahi
0603 1/16W 5 % |
SMT parenga |
TE Hononga |
CRG0603F100K |
| 38 | 1 | R14 | 39k Rahi 0402
1/16W 5 % |
SMT parenga | Vishay | CRCW040239K0FKED |
| 39 | 3 | R15, R16, R17 | 10 k Rahi 0402
0.1 W 5 % |
SMT parenga (kaore i eke) | Tetahi |
| Tūemi | Q.ty | Ref. | Wāhanga/Uara | Whakaahuatanga | Kaihanga | Waehere tono |
| 40 | 1 | R18 | 1 k Rahi 0402
1/16W 5 % |
SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ2GEJ102X |
| 41 | 1 | R19 | 0 R Rahi 0603
1/16W 5 % |
SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ3GEY0R00V |
|
42 |
3 |
R20, R21, R22 |
2.2 k Rahi 0402 0.1 W 5
% |
SMT parenga (kaore i eke) |
Tetahi |
|
|
43 |
6 |
R23, R24, R25, R35, R36, R37 | 56 R Rahi
0603 0.1 W 5 % |
SMT parenga |
Vishay |
CRCW060356R0FKEA |
| 44 | 2 | R26, R39 | 10 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 1 % | SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ2RKF1002X |
| 45 | 1 | R27 | 0 R Rahi 0603
0.1 W 5 % |
SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ3GEY0R00V |
| 46 | 2 | R28, R38 | Rahi 0402 1/16 W 1 % | SMT parenga (kaore i eke) | Tetahi | |
| 47 | 2 | R29, R34 | 2 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 1 % | SMT parenga | Panasonic | ERJ2RKF2001X |
|
48 |
3 |
R30, R31, R32 |
10 R Rahi
0603 0.1 W 5 % |
SMT parenga |
Vishay |
CRCW060310R0FKEA |
|
49 |
1 |
R33 |
4.7 k Rahi 0402 1/16 W 1
% |
SMT parenga |
Panasonic |
ERJ2GEJ472X |
| 50 | 1 | R40 | 0.001R Rahi 2512 3 W 1 % | SMT parenga | Bourns | CRE2512-FZ-R001E-3 ranei
ōrite |
|
51 |
7 |
TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, TP6, TP7 | TP-SMD-
diam1_27mm papa parahi |
SMD papa |
Tetahi |
|
|
52 |
1 |
U1 |
STSPIN32F0B VFQFPN48 7x7x1mm |
Ko te kaiwhakahaere BLDC shunt kotahi teitei me te STM32 MCU kua whakauruhia |
ST |
|
|
53 |
1 |
3386W-1-503L F |
Potentiometer, 50Kohm, puta noa i te poka, 3386 raupapa trimpot |
Bourns |
3386W-1-503LF |
|
| 54 | 1 | Heatsink-29×2 9×8 mm | Heatsink-29x29x 8 mm | Fischer Elektronik | ICK SMD E 29 SA | |
|
55 |
1 |
PCB |
30x70x1.55m
m 30x70x1.55m m |
4 paparanga FR4-PCB cu Thikness 70micron, roto 35micron |
Tetahi |
|
|
56 |
4 |
3x8mm 3x8mm |
Vite metrica cilindrica M3 RS PRO, i Acciaio, 8mm |
wurth |
00463 8 |
|
| 57 | 4 | 7X3.2X0.5mm
7X3.2X0.5mm |
Nylon 6/6 UL94- V2 | STEAB | 5021/1 | |
|
58 |
1 |
3.2 W/m*K 150x150x0.5 mm te whakapiri whaiaro |
Rau atanga wera |
RS Pro |
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Hītori arotakenga
Ripanga 6. Tuhinga o mua whakahounga
| Rā | Putanga | Huringa |
| 02-Oketopa-2020 | 1 | Tukunga tuatahi. |
| 14-Kohi-2021 | 2 | Kua Whakahoutia te Wāhanga 1.1 Whakatūpatotanga haumaru, Wāhanga 3 Me pēhea te whakamahi i te papa me te Wāhanga 4 hoahoa hoahoa. |
| 03-Akuhata-2021 | 3 | Whakahoutia te Kupu Whakataki, Nga taputapu me nga whakaritenga rorohiko me te pehea te whakamahi i te poari. |
| 11-Novema-2021 | 4 | Kua whakahoutia Wāhanga 4 Nga hoahoa hoahoa. |
PANUI PUTA - Tena, PĀNUI PAI
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Ko nga kaihoko anake te kawenga mo te whiringa, te kowhiringa me te whakamahi i nga hua ST me ST kaore he kawenga mo te awhina tono, mo te hoahoa ranei i nga hua a nga Kaihoko.
Karekau he raihana, he mea whakaatu, he tohu ranei, ki tetahi mana taonga hinengaro ka tukuna e ST i konei.
Ko te hokonga ano o nga hua ST me nga tikanga rereke mai i nga korero kua whakatakotoria i konei ka whakakorehia he raihana kua tukuna e ST mo taua hua.
Ko ST me te tohu ST he tohu tohu na ST. Mo etahi atu korero mo nga tohu hokohoko ST, tirohia koa www.st.com/marks. Ko etahi atu ingoa hua, ingoa ratonga ranei no ratou ake rangatira.
Ko nga korero kei roto i tenei tuhinga ka whakakapi me te whakakapi i nga korero i tukuna i mua i nga momo putanga o mua o tenei tuhinga.
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ST com SL-PTOOL1V1 Hoahoa Tohutoro Kiato mo te Voli ititage Nga taputapu hiko kore paraihe [pdf] Pukapuka Kaiwhakamahi SL-PTOOL1V1, Hoahoa Tohutoro Kiato mo te Voli Ititage Utauta Hiko Paraihekore, Hoahoa Tohutoro Kiato, SL-PTOOL1V1, Hoahoa Tohutoro |
